Jean Bondol and Nicholas Bataille, The Apocalypse Tapestry – New Jerusalem / City of God (1377–1382). Musée de la Tapisserie, Château d’Angers, Angers, France

Reinhold Niebuhr on Morality and International Relations

‘Applying Christian theology and ethics to international relations is now an acutely important activity. The hopeful realism of Reinhold Niebuhr offers one way of recovering a Christian approach to the crisis that is hurtling towards our civilization at a terrifying speed. Niebuhr’s anthropological pessimism provides a foundation for his notion that nations can, and should, work towards a fragile justice.’

Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Brueghel the Elder, The Garden of Eden with the Fall of Man (1615). Mauritshuis, The Hague, The Netherlands

A Prudent Response to a Continent Going Mad

‘Orbán and the Fidesz leadership are seeking lasting change to Hungarian politics and culture. They recognize that pro-life and pro-family issues are not just legal disputes; they are culture-wide struggles, and they must be addressed as such. Hungarian conservatives are not surrendering on these issues, and they are not acting recklessly…the Orbán government’s family policies are prudent.’

Hungary’s Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and US President Donald Trump, 9 May 2019

Hungary, Trump, and the Rule of Law

‘There is a historic chance for US–Hungary relations to peak, and it depends in no small part on the two leading players. Even though Hungary is a member of the EU and NATO, in the last two decades, American Democratic administrations have been explicitly hostile towards it…With the US president behind him, Orbán could be much more effective in strengthening his conservative agenda in Brussels, which until now has been an uphill struggle.’

Tundra vegetation at Sydkap, Greenland

Unequal Partners: US–Danish Negotiations During the Cold War

On 8 January European defence industry stock prices rose following Donald Trump’s press conference at Mar-a-Lago, where he declared the ownership and control of Greenland to be ‘an absolute necessity’. This came as a shock for many but in reality, America has been eyeing Greenland for more than a century.

Károly Patkó, Zebegény (1934). Private Collection

The (Habsburg) Empire Strikes Back

‘The Danubian Compact could serve as a modern, flexible framework for cooperation, focusing on shared economic interests, energy security, infrastructure development, and more. What if the real future of Central Europe does not lie in resurrecting the past, but in reimagining it for a new era? The pieces are there, the question is whether the leaders of these nations are willing to make that leap.’

A 17th century portrait of Ilona Zrínyi (detail, by unknown painter)

Valour and Beauty — The Extraordinary Life of Countess Ilona Zrínyi

Ilona Zrínyi, a noblewoman hailing from a Croatian–Hungarian aristocratic family, is one of the most defining female figures in Hungarian history. An uncompromising patriot and fearless leader, the Countess defended the castle of Munkács (Mukachevo) for three years against the Habsburg forces. Although she died in exile in Turkey in 1703, she was reburied alongside her freedom fighter son, Ferenc II Rákóczi in Kassa (Košice, Slovakia) in 1906.

Portrait of Thomas Cranmer by Gerlach Flicke (detail, 1545)

The Anglosphere and Central Europe: A Personal View

‘The failed revolutionary upheavals in 1848 would see thousands of Central Europeans go into exile in Britain. One of the most famous of these was Hungarian national hero Lajos Kossuth, who travelled extensively in the United States before moving to London, to live there for most of the 1850s. In America, Kossuth was received at the White House twice by President Millard Fillmore, and was generally feted and celebrated everywhere he went.’